Many medicinal and economic important tree species are considered as endangered or threatened owing to rapid agricultural and urban development, deforestation and indiscriminate collection, so the tissue culture technique is the most effective tool for mass propagation and conservation of these rare and endangered medicinal plants. The family Fabaceae (alternatively known as the Leguminosae) is one of the largest families of flowering plants, consisting of 730 genera and over 19,400 species. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. is Vulnerable tree species from Eastern Ghats. It is one of the most important timber species, yields the famous Indian rose wood or black wood of commerce. As the wood takes fine polish, it is extensively used in furniture and cabinet work. The wood is also used for decorative, carving, ornamental ply-boards, and wheels of gun carriages, ammunition boxes and temple cars. Ply-boards from Indian rose wood satisfy aircraft specifications. The leaves are used as fodder and parts of the tree are reported to be useful as stimulant and appetiser and also in dyspepsia, diarrhoea and leprosy. Oil from seeds is used as an antidote to poison. The in vitro propagation studies of Dalbergia latifolia is vulnerable and economically important tree species. Due to its vast economic and medicinal importance, the plant has been over exploited from the wild very fast. The conservation of this vulnerable species is mandatory.