This work focuses on the uses of Tamarindus indica and its impacts on the renewal of this resource in Moutourwa-Cameroonian Sahel zone. This tree plays a vital socio-economic role in this area but, it is threatened towards extinction. A flora inventory in 62 plots, an ethno-botanical and socio-economic surveys of 60 people constituted the methodology. Results show that; of the 60 species divided into 21 botanic families, this specie has a density of 2.82±0.3 feet/ha, a chest height diameter of 0.41±0.21m; a height of 7.47±3.36m; a land surface of 0.5m²/ha; a recovery rate of 26.41±4.61% and a regeneration capacity of 0%. The parts of this tree are used as domestic tools, for construction, feed and medicine. Its erratic distribution and its poor harvest methods have rendered this tree old. Given its importance, awareness campaigns to protect its natural regeneration and to introduce young species during reforestation programs are necessary.