Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. is a medicinal plant that belongs to the family Rutaceae. It is used by various ethnic communities to treat ailments such as asthma, cough, jaundice, fever, dysentery and as a cardiotonic. The plant is considered to be containing much medicinal value and mature fruit, is also eaten raw by local people. The plant has not been explored scientifically for its pharmacognostical details. The present research work focusses on the pharmacognostic characterization of G. pentaphylla which includes; macro and microscopic evaluation, physicochemical properties and micrometric evaluation of leaf, stem and root. Anatomical study was conducted by taking transverse section of plant parts. Transverse section of leaf showed the arrangement of the different cellular components i.e. vascular bundles, parenchyma, oil glands, lower epidermis and upper epidermis, respectively. Stem sections showed the presence of vascular bundles, parenchyma, schizogenous cavity etc. On the other hand, root sections exhibited secondary thickenings thereby showing periderm, xylem fibres, cortical cells etc. In fluorescence analysis different colors were observed under ordinary, short and long wavelength ultra violet light. Physicochemical analysis i.e. loss on drying, pH, ash values, foaming index, foreign matter and extractive values were performed. Leaf constants like stomatal characters, vein islet and vein termination number have also been determined. The results of the study showed that, on comparison with stem and root, the leaf possessed maximum values for most of the parameters under study. Better quality control parameters in pharmaceutical industries helps to prevent the adulteration, if any. Hence, this work will help in identification and quality control of G. pentaphylla as a medicinal material.