Cymbopogon citratus Stapf is a well-known herb commonly known as Lemongrass or Citronella grass belonging to the family Poaceae (Gramineae). This plant has been recognized for its commercially valuable essential oils and known for its important ethnopharmacological importance and repellent activity. C. citratus a fast-growing, perennial aromatic grass is native to South India and Sri Lanka, now widely cultivated in the tropical areas of America and Asia. The freshly cut and partially dried leaves are used medicinally and are the source of the essential oil. The phytoconstituents of essential oil containing a volatile mixture of hydrocarbons with a diversity of functional groups and their activity has been linked to the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The studies indicate that C. citratus possesses various pharmacological activities such as anti-amoebic, anti-bacterial, anti-diarrheal, anti-filarial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-mutagenicity, anti-mycobacterial, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, and neurobehavioral activity along with the repellent activity. The results of extensive reported literature review studies about the C. citratus are found to be very fruitful / interesting and hence these reveal diverse future potential prospective.