Major portion of the world’s population is mainly depends on the agriculture. The high production of agricultural commodity also causes the high production of waste like peels of fruits, bagasse in sugarcane, waste remains in vegetables after use, parts remained after harvesting the crop, waste produced during of agricultural production. The disposal of agricultural and horticultural waste is a serious problem and their deposition poses health hazard for all the living beings. People in the third world and developing countries are suffering from menace of protein deficiency in their diet resulting in serious protein energy malnutrition problems. The situation demands exploration of unconventional protein source to fortify human food. The protein from microbes is cheap, easy to obtain in crude form, nutritive and can be made available as food or feed to increase its nutritive value. Therefore the bioconversion of agricultural and horticultural waste into certain valuable products like single Cell protein has the ability to solve the world wide food protein deficiency by obtaining an economical product for food or feed. However using waste as substrate for the production of high nutritious product may also alleviate the problems related to waste management.