In the field of plant genetics and breeding research, mutagenesis is a stepping stone for inducing novel genetic variations in existing genotypes of crop plants. Due to the widespread consumption of tea and coffee, the majority of people are now exposed to varying levels of caffeine.The purpose of this study is to see how increasing caffeine concentrations, such as 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%, affected chromosomal organisation in two plants: Anethum graveolens L. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. In case of Anethum graveolens L., higher caffeine concentrations were found to be more chemotoxic than on Foeniculum vulgare Mill. In both plants, there were a significant decline in AMI % (Active mitotic index) and an increment in Total abnormality percentage (TAB%), with the increasing concentration of caffeine. Various Chromosomal aberrations like stickiness, precocious movement, laggard and unorientation were found during this experiment in which stickiness wasthe predominant abnormality in both the plants.