Linum usitatissimum Linn, popularly known as Flaxseed or Linseed is one of the essential herbs of Ayurveda medicines. It has a strong historical platform of having therapeutical properties to treat various diseases. The present review aimed to provide ethnomedical claims on L. usitatissimum. and research efforts carried out on it that validates such claims. Literature was searched through various databases, journals and books through electronic and manual search. L. usitatissimum is traditionally used as therapeutics in many different geographical regions globally as well in India. Ethnomedicinally, seed, oil, leaves, and the whole plant are reported to manage 47 various disease conditions, either internally or externally such as rheumatism, digestive complaints, wound, etc. Among all part-used, seed has the maximum number of applications. Plant extracts were experimentally evaluated for nephroprotective, analgesic, antimicrobial Anti-Inflammatory, wound healing, antiulcer, antisecretory, anticholinergic, antihistaminic, anti-cholesterol and cardioprotective activities. Clinical trials were conducted on osteoarthritis and hyperlipidaemia which were confirmed the ethnomedicinal usage of the plant. There is still a lack of good quality clinical evidence in support of ethnic uses. Therefore, in-depth research on efficacy and safety aspects concerning its major compounds of L. usitatissimum is desired to validate the traditional claims recorded.