Rhizobium gets an outstanding importance in ecosystem and agricultural production for its capacity of symbiosis and conversion of nitrogen to ammonia. Rhizobium biofertilizer is best alternative for chemical fertilizer which is environmentally and economically beneficial to farmers. A critical survey has been carried out for the collection of Rhizobium samples from Paithan taluka of Aurangabad district (Maharashtra). Form various locations of Paithan taluka twenty-two samples were collected. These samples were isolated from root nodules of various legume crops like Arachis hypogea (Groundnut), Cicer arietinum (Chickpea), Glycine max (Soybean), Pisum sativum (Pea) and Trigonella foenum (Fenugreek). Out of 21 collected samples, 05 Rhizobium spp. were isolated which are R. pusense, R. ciceri, R. japonicum, R. leguminosarum and R. meliloti. Out of this R. pusense was isolated from groundnut, R. ciceri was isolated from chickpea, R. japonicum was isolated from soybean, R. leguminosarum was isolated from pea, R. meliloti was isolated from fenugreek. From the investigation, it can be concluded that Rhizobium is mostly host specific for leguminous crops from the study area.