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VOL. 9, ISSUE 8 (2024)
Deciphering the role of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in bhut jolokia under abiotic stresses
Authors
Saurov Jyoti Roy, Bhaben Tanti
Abstract
Bhut Jolokia, commonly known as the ghost
pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.), is one of the hottest chillies
in the world, boasting the highest content of capsaicinoids. Due to increasing
climate anomalies such as global warming, irregular precipitation and seasonal
shifts, C. chinense is particularly susceptible to environmental
stressors. When exposed to abiotic stresses like extreme heat, cold, drought
and heavy metals, the plant suffers from oxidative stress due to the
overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To counteract this, Bhut
Jolokia has developed various antioxidant systems, encompassing both enzymatic
and non-enzymatic defense mechanisms. Enzymatic antioxidants in Bhut Jolokia
include superoxide dismutase (SOD), which converts O2-
into H2O2 and O2 and catalase (CAT), which
breaks down H2O2 into H2O and O2.
Additionally, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) reduces H2O2
and organic peroxides using glutathione as a cofactor, while ascorbate
peroxidase utilizes ascorbate to reduce H2O2 to H2O.
Peroxiredoxins also play a role by reducing hydrogen peroxide, alkyl
hydroperoxides and peroxynitrite. Non-enzymatic antioxidants include ascorbate
(vitamin C), a potent water-soluble antioxidant that scavenges ROS and
glutathione, a tripeptide that neutralizes ROS and regenerates other
antioxidants. Carotenoids, which are lipid-soluble antioxidants, quench singlet
oxygen and scavenge peroxyl radicals and the abundant capsaicinoids in Bhut
Jolokia also exhibit antioxidant properties. the balance and interaction
between these enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are crucial for Bhut
Jolokia to maintain cellular redox homeostasis and survive under various
abiotic stresses. This review focuses on understanding the antioxidant defense
system of Bhut Jolokia, which can aid in improving the cultivation and
medicinal applications of this plant species.
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Pages:36-42
How to cite this article:
Saurov Jyoti Roy, Bhaben Tanti "Deciphering the role of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in bhut jolokia under abiotic stresses". International Journal of Botany Studies, Vol 9, Issue 8, 2024, Pages 36-42
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