Water crisis and energy deficit in the world have become critical issues that need innovative solutions that will not only ameliorate the environment but also produce renewable energy. The paper is a review article that analyzes the construction of an integrated phytoremediation- bioenergy model that utilizes high-biomass plant species to treat wastewater and convert it to renewable energy. The paper has summarized the recent studies on phytoremediation processes, the selection criteria of species to be used in biomass, and bioenergy conversion technology with specific reference being water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides), Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), and microalgal systems. This review shows that high-biomass phytoremediation systems can be used to recover pollutant removal efficiencies of greater than 90 percent with simultaneous production of high concentrations of biomass to produce bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and bioelectricity. Combined systems of constructed wetlands and microbial fuel cells with modern bioconversion technologies are promising options to cheaper and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment. Nonetheless, there are still several issues concerning fatness of heavy metals in the biomass, optimization of the process of conversion, and the scaling between pilot and commercial processes. The paper gives important policy development, technology innovation and implementation recommendations to develop bioeconomic potential of phytoremediation- bioenergy systems in developing and developed countries.