Gymnocladus assamicus, a critically endangered leguminous tree native to Northeast India, faces significant regeneration challenges due to seed dormancy and adverse environmental conditions. The species exhibits physical dormancy caused by a hard, water-impermeable seed coat that hinders natural germination. Research indicates that mechanical scarification and hot water treatment are particularly effective in breaking seed dormancy and significantly enhancing germination rates. Sulfuric acid treatment has also shown promise under both laboratory and field conditions. In addition, seed priming and in-vitro propagation have emerged as viable techniques for species recovery and conservation. This review underscores the urgency of addressing external threats such as overexploitation, habitat degradation and limited seed dispersal, all of which further impede natural regeneration. Developing effective germination protocols and mitigating ecological pressures are crucial for the long-term survival of the species. The study presents integrated strategies to improve germination success and advocates for sustainable conservation practices, including regulated harvesting and habitat protection, to ensure the preservation of this endangered tree.