ARCHIVES
VOL. 11, ISSUE 1 (2026)
Synthesis of Silver (Ag) nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activities
Authors
Monika Aggarwal, Mehul Yadav, Deepika Singh, Jai Singh, Amit Kotia, Shikha Gupta
Abstract
The problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the
most important health issues worldwide, as it has placed the efficacy of
traditional antibiotics under a very strict limitation, compelling us to seek
alternative methods of combating the problem. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have
found considerable application among other nanomaterials, as they exhibit
broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects, remarkable physicochemical behaviour and
possibly overcome drug-resistant pathogens. The present review gives a detailed
discussion on silver nanoparticles with specific focus on the methods of their
manufacture, action mechanisms and the biomedical applications of the
nanoparticles. Traditional chemical, physical and photochemical processes of
AgNP synthesis are also mentioned, as well as environmentally-friendly
biological methods, such as microorganism- and plant-mediated green synthesis.
The antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and
biofilms is critically evaluated with special emphasis on the critical
parameters; the particle size, shape, concentration, surface charge, and pH in
the environment. There is also the discussion of the synergistic outcomes of
the AgNP-antibiotic conjugates that allow to have lower doses of antibiotics
and establish the activity of the traditional drugs against the resistant
strains. In addition, the mechanisms of antimicrobial action, such as
disruption of membrane, the formation of reactive oxygen species, and release
of silver ions are studied in detail. Lastly, the existing and future uses of
AgNPs in biomedicine, consumer products, textiles, and in environmental
remediation are presented, as well as biosafety and toxicity concerns.
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Pages:36-42
How to cite this article:
Monika Aggarwal, Mehul Yadav, Deepika Singh, Jai Singh, Amit Kotia, Shikha Gupta "Synthesis of Silver (Ag) nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activities". International Journal of Botany Studies, Vol 11, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 36-42
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