Cancer is increasingly recognized as immunological disease shaped by dynamic interactions between tumor cell and the host immune system within the tumor microenvironment. The cancer immunity cycle offers a unifying model in the understanding of how tumors are identified and eliminated in a cascade of steps. With the development of immunotherapy medicinal plants used in traditional systems like Ayurveda have been of interest as sources of bioactive phytochemicals with immunomodulatory properties. This review also combines global and India-specific cancer epidemiology with tumor immunology with specific emphasis on the influence of lifestyle and environmental factors in the immune dysfunction and evaluates clinically relevant medicinal plants including Curcuma longa, Camellia sinensis, Withania somnifera, Catharanthus roseus, Nigella sativa and Boswellia serrata, and combines evaluation of phytochemical characterization of the medicinal plants with tumor immunology. Case studies have also been analysed to study efficiency to Traditional Medicinal Plants and their efficient role in cancer management. Ethnobotanical information is discussed to put into perspective the historical uses of medicinal plants, to tie together traditional uses with modern pharmacological data and to identify future directions of personalized and plant-based immunomodulation.