Nutritional deficiencies remain a major concern in many developing countries, affecting both human and animal health. Diets in these regions are often dominated by cereal-based foods with limited diversity, resulting in inadequate intake of essential macro- and micronutrients. Although cereals and pulses serve as staple crops, they frequently lack vital nutrients, contributing to disorders such as anemia, rickets, and scurvy. Biofortification of these crops has emerged as a sustainable strategy to enhance their nutritional value and combat malnutrition. Recent advances in New Breeding Techniques (NBTs), including gene editing, transgenic approaches, and utilization of wild genetic resources, offer promising opportunities to develop nutrient-rich crop varieties. This study highlights the importance of biofortification in improving food quality and nutritional security. It also emphasizes how modern breeding technologies can accelerate the development of fortified crops, ultimately support agricultural sustainability and improve public health outcomes in resource-limited regions.