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International Journal of
Botany Studies
ARCHIVES
VOL. 11, ISSUE 3 (2026)
Heavy metal accumulation in soil and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) irrigated with water of Ramgarh Lake outflow, Gorakhpur, India
Authors
Pallavi Singh, Awanish, Abhai Kumar, Alok Ranjan, and Vishal Gupta
Abstract
The increasing utilization of polluted water sources for irrigation poses significant hazards of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and food crops in developing countries. The accumulation of six heavy metals viz., lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) in soil and tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) irrigated with polluted water of Gura Nala, the outflow channel of Ramgarh Lake, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh has been studied. A pot experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (September 2024 and September 2025) with two treatments; control (tap water irrigation) and polluted water irrigation. All samples were collected in triplicate (n=3) in both years for robust statistical analysis. Concentrations of heavy metals in soil and plant (leaves and fruits) samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In both years, heavy metal concentrations in soil and all plant parts were significantly higher under polluted water irrigation than in control. The fruit portion (P4) showed a significant accumulation of Pb (1.259 ± 0.035 ppm in 2024; 1.310 ± 0.030 ppm in 2025), Cd (0.013 ± 0.001 ppm; 0.014 ± 0.001 ppm), As (0.017 ± 0.001 ppm; 0.019 ± 0.001 ppm), Cu (0.589 ± 0.015 ppm; 0.610 ± 0.015 ppm), Cr (0.075 ± 0.004 ppm; 0.080 ± 0.004 ppm), and Zn (0.361 ± 0.010 ppm; 0.375 ± 0.010 ppm). Independent samples t-test and two-way ANOVA showed statistically significant year-over-year increases for Pb in treated soil (p = 0.004), and for Pb (p = 0.048) and As (p = 0.018) in fruits. Metal concentrations in the fruits of treated plants were higher than FAO/WHO permissible limits for Pb and As. The study highlights an urgent need for remediation strategies, regular monitoring and public health interventions to address progressive heavy metal contamination in the Ramgarh Lake system.
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Pages:13-24
How to cite this article:
Pallavi Singh, Awanish, Abhai Kumar, Alok Ranjan, and Vishal Gupta "Heavy metal accumulation in soil and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) irrigated with water of Ramgarh Lake outflow, Gorakhpur, India". International Journal of Botany Studies, Vol 11, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 13-24
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