Climate change has emerged as a major threat to global crop production through rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, increased frequency of droughts and floods, and enhanced pest and disease pressure. Agronomic management plays a critical role in reducing crop vulnerability and improving resilience under changing climatic conditions. This review examines recent developments in agronomic approaches designed to mitigate climate change impacts on crop production. Key strategies include conservation agriculture, crop diversification, climate-resilient varieties, integrated nutrient management, precision agriculture, water-saving irrigation, agroforestry, and digital decision-support systems. These practices contribute to improved soil health, enhanced water-use efficiency, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and greater adaptation to climatic stresses. Recent technological advances such as remote sensing, Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring, artificial intelligence-assisted crop management, and carbon-smart farming are also discussed. Although significant progress has been made, challenges related to cost, technical expertise, policy support, and adoption by smallholder farmers remain substantial. The review highlights that integrating multiple agronomic strategies within climate-smart farming systems offers the most promising pathway for sustaining crop productivity and food security under future climate scenarios.