The present study aimed to document the medicinal and aromatic plants of the Walayar region, Kerala, India. Repeated field surveys were conducted between August and September 2024 to record the floristic diversity and ethnobotanical significance of the area. A total of 50 plant species belonging to 27 families were documented. Among these, the families Fabaceae and Lamiaceae were the most dominant. Leaves were identified as the most frequently utilized plant part for the treatment of various ailments, including fever, common cold, cough, asthma, rheumatism, jaundice, ulcers, diabetes, wounds, and skin disorders. Of the documented species, nine exhibited known toxic properties, fourteen were traditionally used for women’s health and reproductive care, twelve possessed industrial and commercial importance, and thirty-six were identified as invasive species. In addition, six species were found to fall under different conservation categories according to the IUCN Red List. The findings emphasize the significance of ethnobotanical documentation in conserving traditional knowledge, promoting sustainable utilization of plant resources, and supporting future pharmacological and bioprospecting research for the development of novel herbal therapeutics. The documented medicinal and aromatic plants represent valuable biological resources that contribute to biodiversity conservation and the preservation of indigenous knowledge for future generations.